Everything about One Unit totally explained
One-Unit was the title of a scheme launched by the federal
government of Pakistan to merge the four
provinces of
West Pakistan into one homogenous unit, as a counterbalance against the numerical domination of the ethnic Bengalis of
East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The One Unit policy was announced by
Prime Minister Chaudhry Muhammad Ali on
22nd November,
1954.
History
The province of
West Pakistan was created in 14th October 1955 by the merger of the provinces, states and
Tribal Areas of the western wing. The province was composed of twelve
divisions and the provincial capital was established at
Lahore. The province of
East Bengal (now
Bangladesh) was renamed
East Pakistan with the provincial capital at
Dhaka. The federal government moved the country's capital in 1959 from Karachi to
Rawalpindi (serving as provisional capital until
Islamabad was finished), whilst the federal legislature moved to
Dhaka.
West Pakistan formed a seemingly homogeneous block but with marked linguistic and ethnic distinctions and the
One Unit policy was regarded as administrative reform which would reduce expenditure and eliminate provincial prejudices. However, with the military coup of 1958, trouble loomed for the province when the office of
Chief Minister was abolished and the President took over executive powers for
West Pakistan. The province of
West Pakistan was dissolved in
July 1970 by President
General Yahya Khan.
Criticisms
The imposition of one was One Unit was considered an act of repression by many representatives of the three provinces outside
Punjab in West Pakistan. The actual author of the plan is alleged to be General and later President
Ayub Khan.
Further Information
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